STRUCTURE TO FOLLOW WHEN UPDATING THE INFORMATION FOR
SOURCES AND METHODS:
|
Source |
- Indicate where the data comes from, i.e. the name of the agency or the complete citation of the publication. - Refer to the full title of the original survey collection, administrative source, database or publication. - Add URL for web site where more information can be found. |
|
Coverage |
Indicate the data coverage if it is less than complete (geographical, population, institutions, etc). |
|
Periodicity |
Indicate the frequency of observations if data is not collected every year. |
|
Deviation from the definition |
Indicate if the data supplied does not match the OECD definition. |
|
Deviation from calculation method |
- Describe the calculation method if it differs from the method proposed by the OECD Secretariat. - Explain if data is an estimation, interpolation or any other relevant information. |
|
Break in time series |
Indicate if there is a break in the time series (due to changing definition, source or calculation method). |
Please follow this
structure for every entry concerning your country, so as to reorganise
the information already provided. Note that you do not need to add the titles of
fields in your text, but just need to follow the order of the fields.
Life expectancy at birth and at various ages (40, 60,
65, 80)
Life expectancy at birth and ages 40, 60, 65 and 80 is the average number of
years that a person at that age can be expected to live, assuming that
age-specific mortality levels remain constant.
Sources and Methods
For
the 22 European countries, the Eurostat NewCronos database is the
main data source for 1985 onwards.
Note: Life expectancy at birth for the total population is estimated by
the OECD Secretariat for all countries, using the unweighted average of life
expectancy of men and women.
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook. www.ksh.hu.
Neonatal mortality
The number of deaths of children under 28 days of age in a given year,
expressed per 1,000 live births.
Note: Some of the international variation in infant and neonatal mortality
rates may be due to variations among countries in registering practices of
premature infants (whether they are reported as live births or not). In several
countries, such as in the
Sources and Methods
For
the 22 European countries, the main data source is the Eurostat NewCronos database (until 2002).
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook. www.ksh.hu.
Perinatal mortality
The ratio of deaths of children within one week of birth (early neonatal
deaths) plus foetal deaths of minimum gestation period 28 weeks or minimum
foetal weight of 1000g, expressed per 1,000 births.
Note
that some variations exist in the definitions for some countries, particularly
with regard to foetal deaths, and as such, care should be exercised when making
comparisons between countries.
Sources and Methods
For
the 22 European countries, the main data source is the Eurostat NewCronos
database.
National
Statistical Office, (KSH), Demographic Yearbook. www.ksh.hu.
*
The definition of perinatal deaths is regulated by a ministerial order (34.
/1999), according to which a late foetal death is a foetal death of 24 weeks or
older (not 28 weeks), or if the age of foetus cannot be determined, a weight of
at least 500 g or a length of at least 30 cm. Perinatal deaths are late foetal
deaths (as defined here) plus deaths within 7 days.
Maternal mortality
Number of maternal deaths, all causes, per 100 000 live births (ICD-10 codes
O00-O99).
Note: the maternal mortality series records very small numbers so there may be
large annual fluctuations, particularly in countries with low population
levels.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook. www.ksh.hu.
Perceived health status
Health
≥ good, female, 15-24
Health ≥ good, female, 25-44
Health ≥ good, female, 45-64
Health ≥ good, female, 65+
Health ≥ good, female, all ages
Health ≥ good, male, 15-24
Health ≥ good, male, 25-44
Health ≥ good, male, 45-64
Health ≥ good, male, 65+
Health ≥ good, male, all ages
Health ≥ good, total, 15-24
Health ≥ good, total, 25-44
Health ≥ good, total, 45-64
Health ≥ good, total, 65+
Health ≥ good, total, all ages
Perceived health status
Percentage of the population, aged 15 years old or more who report their
health to be 'good' or 'better'.
There is not yet a full standardization in the measurement of perceived health
status across OECD countries. A standard health interview survey instrument has
been recommended to measure this variable.
The recommendation is described in detail in the publication: "Health
Interview Surveys: Towards International Harmonization of Methods and
Instruments," WHO Regional Office for
How is your health in general?
* Very good
* Good
* Fair
* Bad
* Very bad
Not all countries have adopted this standardized instrument. Differences in the
questions and response categories used in national health surveys from this
standardized instrument are listed in the Sources & Methods below.
Sources and
*
Questionnaire survey based on representative samples, started in 2000, repeated
in about every 3 years. The survey is conducted for the population aged 18
years and over (not 15).
Low birthweight
Number of live births weighing less than 2500 grams as a percentage of total
number of live births.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Demographic Yearbook. www.ksh.hu.
Decayed, missing, filled teeth at age 12
Average number of teeth missing, filled or decayed in children at age 12.
Sources and Methods
Prevention
Service for Child Dental Care of
* The survey is based on a representative sample of approximately 900 persons.
Data collection started in 1985 and takes place every 5 years.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Number of AIDS cases and incidence rates per million populations at year of
diagnosis.
Please note that data are provisional due to reporting delays which sometimes
can be for several years depending on the country.
Sources and Methods
For
all European countries, data up to 2003 is taken from the European Centre for
the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS, WHO-EC Collaborating Centre
on AIDS (www.eurohiv.org). Any provisional
data for 2004 is provided by the countries
themselves.
Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
*
Johan Béla National Center of Epidemiology (OEK), www.oek.hu.
*
Reported infectious diseases, repeated in every year.
Injuries in road traffic accidents
Number of people injured in road traffic accidents per million population.
Sources and Methods
UNITED
NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE, Statistics of Road
Traffic Accidents in Europe and North America (several issues),
has been used as a source for most OECD countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech
Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand,
Sweden and Turkey have supplied data directly).
The
following definitions are used in this report:
Road traffic accident:
An
accident which occurred or originated on a way or street open to public
traffic; resulted in one or more persons being killed or injured, and at least
one moving vehicle was involved. These accidents therefore include collisions
between vehicles, between vehicles and pedestrians and between vehicles and
animals or fixed obstacles. Single vehicle accidents in which one
vehicle alone (and no other road user) was involved are included. Multi-vehicle
collisions are counted only as one accident provided that the
successive collisions happened at very short intervals
Injured:
Any
person who was not killed but sustained one or more serious or slight injuries
as a result of the accident.
Serious injuries:
Fractures,
concussions, internal lesions, crushing, severe cuts and laceration, severe
general shock requiring medical treatment and any other serious lesions
entailing detention in hospital.
Slight injuries:
Secondary
injuries such as sprains or bruises. Persons complaining of shock, but who have
not sustained other injuries, should not be considered in the statistics as
having been injured unless they show very clear symptoms of shock and have
received medical treatment or appeared to require medical attention.
Please note that
some countries include people killed in road traffic accidents. Differences in
definition are noted in the country-specific notes below.
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook. www.ksh.hu.
* From 1990, data include all persons injured in road accidents, regardless
whether they are victims of slight, serious, or fatal injuries.
* Before 1990, data include only slight and serious injuries, excluding fatal
injuries.
Self-reported absence from work due to illness
The number of self-reported work days lost per year due to illness per
employed person. It excludes maternity leave.
Sources and Methods
Labour
force, general social or health surveys.
Data
is not available.
Compensated absence from work due to illness
The number of compensated work days lost per year due to illness per
employed person. It excludes maternity leave.
Sources and Methods
Administrative
sources responsible for compensating absence from work due to illness (e.g.,
social security, public or private insurance agencies).
Please
note that differences in the coverage of the working population and in reporting
systems limit the comparability of data across countries.
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook. www.ksh.hu.
*
According to the 1992 Act on Labour Code an employee is eligible for 15
workdays (between 1992 and 1995 for 10 workdays) of sick leave due to illness,
the expenses of which are assumed by the employer. Sick benefits for the
eligible employee are granted only upon completion of sick leave. Sick benefits
provide supplementary wages for the days of the incapacity period.
Medical graduates
Number of students who have graduated in medicine from medical faculties or
similar institutions, i.e., who have completed basic medical education in a
given year.
Exclusion:
- Graduates in pharmacy, dentistry/stomatology, public health and epidemiology
- Individuals who have completed post-graduate studies in medicine.
[Note: In the European Union, a Directive has defined basic medical
training as comprising a total of at least six years of study or 5,500 hours of
theoretical and practical training provided by, or under the supervision of, a
university (article 24, Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council].
Sources and Methods
Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook. www.ksh.hu
1990 onward the
data are derived from the “Report on the number of physicians, dentists,
pharmacists and specialized clinical psychologists with granted diploma”
collection. Data on pharmacists and dentists are not included.
Nursing
graduates
Number of students who obtained a recognised
qualification in nursing in a given year.
Inclusion:
- Graduates from an education programme required to become a registered or
licensed nurse (normally comprising at least 2 years of post-secondary
education in nursing)
- Graduates from a midwifery programme
Exclusion:
- Graduates from other fields of studies which do not provide a recognised
foundation for the practice of nursing
- Graduates with Masters and PhD degrees in nursing.
Sources and Methods
Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook. www.ksh.hu
From 1990, data is provided for
graduates in secondary vocational school and professional nursing education, in
addition to college level graduates in health care.
Data on the
professions of optometrists, dental technicians, pharmacy assistants,
orthopaedic mechanics, medicinal gymnastics, medicinal massage, infant and
child attendants are not included.
Total health employment
Number of persons (head counts) and number of full-time equivalent (FTE)
persons, employed (including self-employed) in health services, including
'contracted out' staff and excluding pharmaceutical and medical equipment
manufacturing employees. Administrative staff, private for-profit and
non-profit medical benefit insurers are included. Health professionals working
outside health services are excluded (e.g. physicians employed in industry).
Full-time equivalent conversions vary across countries but are taken, unless
otherwise noted, to be weighted on the basis of the standard or normal working
time.
Note: the following classes of the International
Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) are
involved.
|
ISIC Class |
Description |
|
8511 |
Hospital activities |
|
8512 |
Medical and dental practice activities |
|
8519 |
Other human health activities |
|
5231* |
Retail sale of pharmaceutical and medical goods, cosmetic and toilet articles |
|
5239* |
Other retail sales not elsewhere classified |
|
7512* |
Regulation of the activities of agencies that provide health care education, cultural services and other social services excluding social security |
|
7530* |
Compulsory social security activities |
|
6603* |
Non-life insurance |
* Only
employees in health activities that fall under these classes should be
included.
Note: Most countries report to a somewhat narrower concept corresponding
to ISIC class 851 "Human health activities."
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
* FTE.
* Physicians, pharmacists and paramedical personnel. Excluding health personnel
working in private specialists' services of unique specialty.
* From
2000 the number of posts in health services. Included are all physicians,
pharmacists, health professionals, economic, technical, management and
ancillary employees working in outpatient, inpatient, dental and primary care
services, as well as in the services of public health, ambulance, blood supply
and in the fields of university and college education and public
administration, expressed as a number of full-time equivalent persons.
Total hospital employment
Number of persons employed (head counts), and number of full-time equivalent
(FTE) persons employed in general and specialty hospitals. Self-employed are
included.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
* FTE.
* Including physicians, nurses and other health personnel, and hospital
pharmacists.
* From
2000 the number of posts in inpatient services. Included are all physicians,
pharmacists, health professionals, economic, technical management and ancillary
employees working in acute and chronic care, rehabilitation, after care,
expressed as a number of full-time equivalent persons.
Practising physicians, female practising physicians, practising general
practitioners, practising specialists
Pediatricians, Gynaecologists and obstetricians, Anaesthetists
(including intensive care), Surgeons (including child surgery) and
Psychiatrists/Neuropsychiatrists (including child psychiatrists)
Practising physicians (doctors)
Physicians (medical doctors) as defined by ISCO 88 (code 2221) apply preventive
and curative measures, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational
methods and conduct research in the area of medicine and health care.
Practising physicians provide services directly to patients.
Practising physicians' tasks include: conducting medical examination and making
diagnosis, prescribing medication and giving treatment for diagnosed illnesses,
disorders or injuries, giving specialized medical or surgical treatment for
particular types of illnesses, disorders or injuries, giving advice on and
applying preventive medicine methods and treatments.
Inclusion:
- Persons who have completed studies in medicine at university level (granted
by adequate diploma) and who are licensed to practice
- Interns and resident physicians (with adequate diploma and providing services
under supervision of other medical doctors during their postgraduate internship
in a health care facility)
- Salaried and self-employed physicians delivering services irrespectively of
the place of service provision
- Foreign physicians licensed to practice and actively practising in the
country
Exclusion:
- Students who have not yet graduated
- Dentists and stomatologists / dental surgeons
- Physicians working in administration, research and in other posts that
exclude direct contact with the patients
- Unemployed physicians and retired physicians
- Physicians working abroad.
|
Country |
Head count or FTE |
Includes non-practicing physicians also (a) |
Includes retired professionals |
Includes professionals who are foreigners |
Includes professionals who are working abroad |
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97-01: FTE |
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a) Without medical practice means the person may work in research and
development (R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.
Practising General Practitioners
A general practitioner (GP) is a physician (medical doctor)
who does not limit his/her practice to certain disease categories and assumes
the responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive care or
referring to another health care professional. In some countries, GP is treated
as a specialisation.
Inclusion:
- General practitioners working in the ambulatory sector or in hospitals (or
other institutional settings)
- Interns and residents who are training to become GPs.
|
Country |
Head count or FTE |
Includes non-practicing physicians also (a) |
Includes retired professionals |
Includes professionals who are foreigners |
Includes professionals who are working abroad |
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97-01: FTE |
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a) Without medical practice means the person may work in research and
development (R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.
Practising Specialists
A medical specialist is a physician who diagnoses and
treats physical and mental diseases and disorders using specialist testing, diagnostic,
medical and surgical techniques. He may limit his/her practice to certain
disease categories or methods of treatment.
Inclusion:
- Interns and residents who are training to become a medical specialist
- Psychiatrists (including neuropsychiatrists and child psychiatrists)
Exclusion:
- General practitioners (GPs)
- Dentists and stomatologists/dental surgeons
- Psychologists.
|
Country |
Head count or FTE |
Includes non-practicing physicians also (a) |
Includes retired professionals |
Includes professionals who are foreigners |
Includes professionals who are working abroad |
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97-01: FTE |
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a)
Without medical practice means the person may work in research and development
(R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics (from 1990). www.ksh.hu.
The grouping of
physicians-specialists is made from the National Register of Physicians on the
basis of last acquired
specialisation. The register does not include information on the professional
qualifications that residents and physicians without specialisation wish to
acquire in the future, thus we cannot count residents and physicians without
specialisation in the group of specialists.
We report the
GP group on the basis of the ”Number of GPs” and ”Number of
family paediatricians” data collection by the Central Statistical Office
(KSH). GPs and paediatric GPs must take specialist examination in
For this reason
the relationship does not hold true for data in
* Physicians:
Practising physicians reported to the National Register of Physicians.
For years up to 1979 dentists are included under physicians; from 1980 dentists
are not included in the physician series.
Data from 1987 to 1989 have been estimated as the Statistical Yearbooks were
not published over those years.
From 1990: Including
specialists, GPs, family paediatricians, residents, non-specialized physicians,
excluded: dentists. The report is made according to the 1990 account of
the Central Statistical Office ”Number of active physicians by sex and
specialisation”. From 2000 the registry of physicians is prepared by the
Hungarian Medical Association (MOK). In the first two years of the transition
the Central Statistical Office could not provide data.
In 2005 the Hungarian
Medical Association (MOK) performed data cleaning in the database deleting 3000
persons due to retirement or death, and about 1300 persons due to employment
abroad or leaving the profession.
* Specialists:
Specialists reported to the National Register of Physicians.
Including
specialists, GPs, family paediatricians, excluding residents, non-specialized
physicians, dentists.
From 1990: The report is made according to the 1990 account of the
Central Statistical Office ”Number of active physicians by sex and
specialisation”. In making the account the physicians’ last
specialization is taken into consideration. From 2000 the registry of
physicians is prepared by the Hungarian Medical Association (MOK). In the first
two years of the transition the Central Statistical Office could not provide
data.
In 2005 the
Hungarian Medical Association (MOK) performed data cleaning in the database
deleting 3000 persons due to retirement or death, and about 1300 persons due to
employment abroad or leaving the profession.
* General Practitioners:
Including GPs, family
paediatricians, excluding residents, non-specialized physicians, dentists.
From 1990: The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central
Statistical Office ” Number of GPs” and ” Number of family
pediatricians”.
Practising dentists
Dentists as defined by ISCO 88 (code 2222) apply medical knowledge in the
field of dentistry, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational
methods and conduct research. Dentistry is the provision of comprehensive care
regarding teeth and oral cavity, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment
of aberrations and diseases.
Practising dentists provide services directly to patients.
Practising dentists' tasks include: making diagnosis, advising on and giving
necessary dental treatment, giving surgical, medical and other forms of
treatment for particular types of dental and oral diseases and disorders.
Inclusion:
- Persons who have completed studies in dentistry / stomatology at university
level (granted by an adequate diploma) and who are licensed to practice
- Interns (with an adequate diploma and providing services under supervision of
other dentists or dental specialists during their postgraduate internship in a
health care facility)
- Salaried and self-employed dentists delivering services irrespectively of the
place of service provision
- Foreign dentists licensed to practice and actively practising in the country
Exclusion:
- Students who have not yet graduated
- Dentists working in administration, research and in other posts that exclude
direct contact with the patients
- Unemployed dentists and retired dentists
- Dentists working abroad.
Sources and Methods
|
Country |
Head count or FTE |
Includes non-practicing dentists (a) |
Includes retired professionals |
Includes professionals who are foreigners |
Includes professionals who are working abroad |
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a)
Without dental practice means the person may work in research and development
(R&D) activities, administrative functions, or be unemployed.
Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics (from
1990).www.ksh.hu.
Practising dentists reported to the National Register of Physicians.
Included: specialized and non-specialized dentists, stomatologists,
odontologists, orthodontologists.
From 2000 the registry of physicians is prepared by the Hungarian Medical
Association (MOK). In the first two years of the transition the Central
Statistical Office could not provide data.
In 2005 the
Hungarian Medical Association (MOK) performed data cleaning in the database
deleting 3000 persons due to retirement or death, and about 1300 persons due to
employment abroad or leaving the profession.
Practising pharmacists
Pharmacists as defined by ISCO 88 (code 2224) apply pharmaceutical concepts
and theories by preparing and dispensing or selling medicaments and drugs.
Practising pharmacists prepare, dispense or sell medicaments and drugs directly
to patients (clients) and provide advice.
Practising pharmacists' tasks include: preparing and directing the preparation
of medicaments according to prescriptions of medical and dental practitioners,
or establish formulae; checking prescriptions to ensure that recommended
dosages are not exceeded, and that instructions are understood by patients (or
persons administering the medicament) and advising on possible drug
incompatibility; dispensing medicaments and drugs in hospitals or selling them
in pharmacies.
Inclusion:
- Persons who have completed studies in pharmacology at university level
(granted by adequate diploma) and who are licensed to practice pharmacology
- Salaried and self-employed pharmacists delivering services irrespectively of
the place of service provision
- Foreign pharmacists licensed to practice pharmacology and actively practising
in the country
Exclusion:
- Students who have not yet graduated
- Pharmacists working in administration, research and in other posts that
exclude direct contact with the patients (clients)
- Unemployed pharmacists and retired pharmacists
- Pharmacists working abroad.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
* All
pharmacists working in public pharmacies and hospital pharmacies are included.
Practising nurses
A nurse is a person who has completed a programme of basic nursing education
and is qualified and authorised in his/her country to practice nursing in all
settings.
Practising nurses provide services directly to patients.
Inclusion:
- Persons who have completed their studies/education in nursing and who are
licensed to practice (including both higher-level nurses, and lower-level
nurses such as associate/practical/vocational nurses)
- Salaried and self-employed nurses delivering services irrespectively of the
place of service provision
- Foreign nurses licensed to practice and actively
practising in the country
Exclusion:
- Students who have not yet graduated
- Nursing aids/assistants and care workers who do not have any recognized
qualification/certification in nursing
- Midwives (however registered nurses working part-time as midwives should be
included)
- Nurses working in administration, research and in other posts that exclude
direct contact with the patients
- Unemployed nurses and retired nurses
- Nurses working abroad.
Note: The comparability of data on nurses is limited for a number of reasons.
The table below provides a summary of some of the main variations in data
coverage across countries.
Sources and Methods
|
Country |
Head count or FTE |
Includes non-practicing nurses also (a) |
Includes retired professionals |
Includes midwives |
Includes self-employed |
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a) Non-practising means the person may work in administration, research,
in another field or be unemployed.
1) See country notes.
Sources & Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
*
2 and 3 years of study are required to qualify as a nurse.
* Included: nurses in hospital.
* Included: general and specialized nurses (who actually work with in-patients
in hospitals or nursing homes), doctor’s assistants, specialized
assistants (working in ambulatory care), dietetic nurses, and maternity nurses.
Dentist’s assistants and medical gymnastics trainers are excluded. Nurses
may have a high-school or college degree. Both are included.
* From 1990: The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central
Statistical Office ”Number of posts and the staff of ancillary workers by
activity”. Similar to the HFA definition, included are all nurses working
in the field of the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the
sick and rehabilitation who received nursing education for at least 2 years,
including nurses with college education, assistants, dieteticians, physical therapists,
ambulance nurses and officers, mother and child health nurses, midwives.
Excluded are physical
therapists, assistant nurses, nurses working in social care, pharmacy assistants,
health educators, masseurs, sterilizers, patient transporters, etc.
Total hospital beds
Total hospital beds
are all hospital beds which are regularly maintained and staffed and
immediately available for the care of admitted patients.
Inclusion:
- Beds in all hospitals, including general hospitals
(HP.1.1), mental health and substance abuse hospitals (HP.1.2), and other
specialty hospitals (HP.1.3)
- Occupied and unoccupied beds
Exclusion:
- Surgical tables, recovery trolleys, emergency stretchers,
beds for same-day care, cots for healthy infants
- Beds in wards which were closed for any reason
- Provisional and temporary beds
- Beds in nursing and residential care facilities
(HP.2).
Sources and Methods
Gyogyinfok (
www.gyogyinfok.hu.
Total hospital beds: Available
hospitals beds on December 31.
Acute care beds
Curative care (acute care) beds in
hospitals (HP.1)
are hospital beds that are available for curative care (HC.1 in the SHA classification excluding
psychiatry).
Inclusion:
- Beds accommodating patients where the principal clinical intent is to do one
or more of the following: manage labour (obstetric), cure non-mental illness or
provide definitive treatment of injury, perform surgery, relieve symptoms of
non-mental illness or injury (excluding palliative care), reduce severity of
non-mental illness or injury, protect against exacerbation and/or complication
of non-mental illness and/or injury which could threaten life or normal
functions, perform diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
Exclusion:
- Beds allocated for other functions of care (such as psychiatric care,
rehabilitation, long-term care and palliative care)
- Beds in mental health and substance abuse hospitals (HP.1.2)
- Beds for rehabilitation (HC.2)
- Beds for palliative care.
Sources and Methods
Gyogyinfok (
www.gyogyinfok.hu.
Acute care beds: Available
acute beds on December 31, excluding acute psychiatric care beds.
In private sector, there are data available only on beds in hospitals financed
by the National Health Insurance Fund, since these are included in bed stock.
Break in private beds series: beds of funds and churches are included since
1994. There are very few private hospitals, the data cover practically the
whole in-patient provider sector.
Psychiatric
care beds
Psychiatric care beds in hospitals
(HP.1) are
hospital beds accommodating patients with mental health problems (part of HC.1 in the SHA classification).
Inclusion:
- All beds in mental health and substance abuse hospitals (HP.1.2)
- Beds in psychiatric departments of general hospitals (HP.1.1) and of
speciality (other than mental health and substance abuse) hospitals (HP.1.3)
Exclusion:
- Beds allocated to non-mental curative care (part of HC.1)
- Beds allocated to long-term nursing care in hospitals (HC.3)
- Beds for rehabilitation (HC.2)
- Beds for palliative care.
Sources and Methods
Gyogyinfok (
www.gyogyinfok.hu.
Psychiatric care beds:
Available acute psychiatric care beds on December 31.
Long-term care beds
Long-term care beds in hospitals
(HP.1) are
hospital beds accommodating patients requiring long-term care due to chronic
impairments and a reduced degree of independence in activities of daily living.
Inclusion:
- Beds in long-term care departments of general hospitals (HP.1.1)
- Beds for long-term care in specialty (other than mental health and substance
abuse) hospitals (HP.1.3)
- Beds for palliative care
Exclusion:
- Beds in mental health and substance abuse hospitals (HP.1.2)
- Beds for rehabilitation (HC.2).
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK (
www.gyogyinfok.hu.
Long-term care beds: Available long-term care
hospital beds on December 31, include
beds for long-term
nursing, after care, chronic pulmonary care.
Other
hospital beds
All other beds in hospitals
(HP.1) not
elsewhere classified.
Inclusion:
- Beds for rehabilitation (HC.2).
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK (
www.gyogyinfok.hu.
Other hospital beds: Available other hospital
beds on December 31, include
rehabilitation, chronic
psychiatric beds.
Long-term care beds in nursing homes
Beds in nursing and residential care facilities (HP.2) are available beds for people requiring
ongoing health and nursing care due to chronic impairments and a reduced degree
of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in establishments primarily
engaged in providing residential care combined with either nursing, supervision
or other types of care as required by the residents. The care provided can be a
mix of health and social services.
Inclusion:
- Beds in all types of nursing and residential care facilities (HP.2) dedicated to long-term nursing care (HC.3)
- Beds used for palliative care
Exclusion:
- Beds in nursing and residential care facilities which do not provide ongoing
health and nursing care (including ADL) together with accommodation
- Beds available in hospitals (even those beds dedicated to long-term nursing
care – HC.3).
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Welfare Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
Long-term care beds
in nursing homes: Active beds in social institutes providing transitional
residence and long-term accommodation.
Acute care hospital staff ratio
The number of staff employed in hospitals, where the primary focus of
activity is on acute care, divided by the number of available beds.
Note: A proxy variable is the number of full-time salaried doctors, nurses and
administrators (including contracted-out staff) divided by the number of
available beds.
Caution should be exercised in making cross country comparisons as some
countries calculate using Full Time Equivalent staff while others use
headcounts.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
* The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical
Office ”Number of posts by performed task and scope of activity in the
health service”. The number of all physicians, pharmacists, health
professionals, economic, technical, management and ancillary employees working
in acute inpatient care devided by the number of available beds, calculated in
FTE as of 31 December.
Acute care nurses staff ratio
The number of first and second level nurses employed in hospitals, where the
primary focus of activity is on acute care, divided by the number of available
beds.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
* The report is made according to the 1990 account of the Central Statistical
Office ”Number of posts by performed task and scope of activity in the
health service”. The number of all health professionals working in acute
inpatient care devided by the number of available beds, calculated in FTE as of
31 December. Included are all nurses working in the field of the promotion of
health, prevention of illness, care of the sick and rehabilitation, who
received nursing education for at least 2 years: nurses with colllege
education, assistants, dieteticians, physical therapists, ambulance nurses and
officers, mother and child health nurses, midwives, assistant nurses, pharmacy
assistants, health educators, masseurs, sterilizers, patient transporters, etc.
Computed tomography scanners
Number of computer tomography scanners (CT units).
CT or CAT scanner is an x-ray machine which combines many x-ray images with the
aid of a computer to generate cross-sectional views and, if needed,
three-dimensional images of the internal organs and structures of the body.
Note: The OECD data collection aims to collect aggregate data on the
availability of these medical equipments in all health care facilities, including
both the hospital sector and the ambulatory sector.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Hungarian
National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering. (ORKI)
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense)
and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.
* From 2000, Hungarian
National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical Yearbook. www.oep.hu.
* Operators in contract with the National Health Insurance Fund, as of 31
December.
Magnetic resonance imaging units
Number of magnetic resonance imaging units (MRI units).
MRI is an imaging technique designed to visualise internal structures of the
body using magnetic and electromagnetic fields which induce a resonance effect
of hydrogen atoms. The electromagnetic emission created by these atoms is
registered and processed by a dedicated computer to produce the images of the
body structures.
Note: The OECD data collection aims to collect aggregate data on the
availability of these medical equipments in all health care facilities,
including both the hospital sector and the ambulatory sector.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Hungarian
National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering. (ORHI)
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense)
and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.
From
2000, Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical
Yearbook. www.oep.hu.
*
Operators contracted by the National Health Insurance Fund, as of 31 December.
Radiation therapy equipment
Number of machines used for treatment with x-rays or radionuclide.
They include: linear accelerators, Cobalt-60 units, Caesium-137 therapy units,
low to orthovoltage x-ray units, high dose and low dose rate brachytherapy
units and conventional brachytherapy units.
Note: The OECD data collection aims to collect aggregate data on the
availability of these medical equipments in all health care facilities,
including both the hospital sector and the ambulatory sector.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Hungarian
National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering (ORKI).
* Radiation therapy equipment doesn’t include brachytherapy units (which
are not registered).
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense)
and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.
Lithotriptors
Number of lithotripters (or shock-wave lithotripsy units; LSI units).
A lithotripter is an extracorporeal shock wave machine used to shatter kidney
stones and gallstones.
Note: The OECD data collection aims to collect aggregate data on the
availability of these medical equipments in all health care facilities,
including both the hospital sector and the ambulatory sector.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Hungarian
National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering (ORKI).
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense)
and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.
Mammographs
Number of dedicated mammography machines (those designed exclusively for
taking mammograms). The code is: CIM9 87.37.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Hungarian National Institute for Hospital and Medical Engineering
(ORKI).
* Equipment used in military hospitals (belonging to the Ministry of Defense)
and the health institutes of Hungarian State Railways are not included.
Remuneration of general practitioners
General Practice:
General practice includes fully-qualified general practitioners. Physicians in
training should normally be excluded.
Salaried: Physicians
who are employees and who receive most of their income via a salary.
Self-employed:
Those physicians who are primarily non-salaried. That is, they are either
self-employed, or operate independently, usually receiving (mainly) either
capitation or fee-for-service reimbursement.
For physicians who are both salaried and
operate in a self-employed or independent capacity,
they would fall in the category under which they receive the majority of their
compensation.
Average annual income:
Wages and salaries should normally include:
- the values of any social contributions, (income) taxes, etc. payable by the
employee even if they are actually withheld by the employer and paid directly
to social insurance schemes, tax authorities, etc. on behalf of the employee.
- all gratuities, bonuses, overtime compensation, ex gratia payments,
"thirteenth month payments", severance payments, lodging, transport,
cost-of-living, and family allowances, tips, commission, attendance fees, etc.
received by employees.
Wages and salaries should not include social contributions payable by
the employer.
For self-employed physicians: practice expenses should normally be excluded.
This definition is compatible with Eurostat Concepts and Definitions (http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/gl006997.htm).
Sources and Methods
Salaried
general practitioners:
National
Institute for Strategic Health Research (ESKI). www.eski.hu
*
>From 2003 it is the task of ESKI to collect wage and headcount data for the
health sector. In the year 2003 data collection was mandatory only in the state
and local government sphere, thus data is available only for public employees.
The data refers to approx. 400 GPs employed in public service, the rest of the
6300 mostly self-employed GPs' data are not included (the share of GPs employed
in public service is approx. 10%, the share of self-employed GPs is 90%).
* Annual income values refer to FTE.
* Data
includes payments for working nights, evenings, week-ends, bank holidays and
overtime (gratuity payments are excluded).
* Annual income includes only that paid by the employer, and does not include
income or gratuity derived from private practice.
* Please note that the official salary of public sector medical doctors is very
low compared with other sectors of the economy, although informal payments
substantially increase the income of some doctors. Most clinical specialists
also receive informal payments (including gratitude payments) from patients,
which provide some financial incentive for the doctors to stay in the
profession. These are not included.
Remuneration of specialists
Specialists:
Fully-qualified physicians who have specialized and work primarily in areas
other than general practice. Physicians in training should normally be
excluded.
Salaried: Physicians
who are employees and who receive most of their income via a salary.
Self-employed:
Those physicians who are primarily non-salaried. That is, they are either
self-employed, or operate independently, usually receiving (mainly) either
capitation or fee-for-service reimbursement.
For physicians who are both salaried and
operate in a self-employed or independent capacity,
they would fall in the category under which they receive the majority of their
compensation.
Average annual income:
Wages and salaries should normally include:
- the values of any social contributions, (income) taxes, etc. payable by the
employee even if they are actually withheld by the employer and paid directly
to social insurance schemes, tax authorities, etc. on behalf of the employee.
- all gratuities, bonuses, overtime compensation, ex gratia payments,
"thirteenth month payments", severance payments, lodging, transport,
cost-of-living, and family allowances, tips, commission, attendance fees, etc.
received by employees.
Wages and salaries should not include social contributions payable by
the employer.
For self-employed physicians: practice expenses should normally be excluded.
This definition is compatible with Eurostat Concepts and Definitions (http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/gl006997.htm).
Sources and Methods
Salaried
specialists:
National
Institute for Strategic Health Research (ESKI). www.eski.hu
* From 2003, ESKI is responsible to collect wage and headcount data for the
health sector. In the year 2003 data collection was mandatory only in the state
and local government sphere, thus data is available only for public employees.
The share of specialists employed in public service is approx. 90%; the share
of self-employed specialists is 10%. About 80% of self-employed specialists
work full-time, about 20% work part-time. Those working part-time may work in
the public sector as well, though there is no accurate information available on
that.
* Annual income values refer to FTE.
* Data
includes payments for working nights, evenings, week-ends, bank holidays and
overtime (gratuity payments are excluded).
* Annual income includes only that paid by the employer, and does not include
income or gratuity derived from private practice.
* Please note that the official salary of public sector medical doctors is very
low compared with other sectors of the economy, although informal payments
substantially increase the income of some doctors. Most clinical specialists
also receive informal payments (including gratitude payments) from patients,
which provide some financial incentive for the doctors to stay in the
profession. These are not included.
Remuneration of hospital nurses
Salaried hospital nurses:
Certified/registered nurses actively practicing in public and private hospitals
and who receive most of their income via a salary, including fully-qualified
nurses (with post-secondary education in nursing) and
associate/practical/vocational nurses (with a lower level of nursing skills but
also usually registered).
The following categories of nurses should normally be excluded:
- Nursing aids/assistants and care workers who do not have any recognized
qualification/certification in nursing.
- Nurses in training.
- Midwives (however registered nurses working part-time as midwives should be
included).
- Nurse managers.
Average annual income:
Wages and salaries should normally include:
- the values of any social contributions, (income) taxes, etc. payable by the employee
even if they are actually withheld by the employer and paid directly to social
insurance schemes, tax authorities, etc. on behalf of the employee.
- all gratuities, bonuses, overtime compensation, ex gratia payments,
"thirteenth month payments", severance payments, lodging, transport,
cost-of-living, and family allowances, tips, commission, attendance fees, etc.
received by employees.
Wages and salaries should not include social contributions payable by
the employer.
This definition is compatible with Eurostat Concepts and Definitions (http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/gl006997.htm).
Sources and Methods
Hungary
National Institute for Strategic Health Research (ESKI). www.eski.hu.
* From 2003, ESKI is responsible to collect wage and headcount data for the
health sector. In the year 2003 data collection was mandatory only in the state
and local government sphere, thus data is available only for public employees.
The estimated rate of hospital nurses in public service is over 99%, rate of
self-employed hospital nurses is less than 1%.
* The figure refers to FTE.
* Data includes payments for working nights, evenings, week-ends, bank holidays
and overtime (gratuity payments are excluded). Annual income includes only that
paid by the employer, and does not include income or gratuity derived from
private practice.
Immunisation: Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
Percentage of children at 1 or 2 years of age who have been fully immunised
against Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (DTP).
Note: The age of complete immunisation differs across countries due to different
immunisation schedules.
Sources and Methods
Data
has been extracted from WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system,
2005 global summary (www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/data/en/index.html)
to complement the time series for the following countries: Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland and
Sweden.
See detailed Sources and Methods below.
In
some countries Diphteria and tetanus, and Pertussis vaccines are administered
separately. In a few countries however (
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
*
DTP vaccine is given in three doses at age 3, 4, and 5 months. The reported
data refers to the rate of children who received all three shots.
Immunisation: measles
Percentage of children at 1 or 2 years of age who have been fully immunised
against measles.
Note: The age of complete immunisation differs across countries due to
different immunisation schedules.
Sources and Methods
Data
has been extracted from WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system,
2005 global summary (www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/data/en/index.html)
to complement the time series for the following countries: Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland and
Sweden.
See detailed Sources and Methods below.
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
Immunisation against influenza among the eldery population (65+)
The proportion of people aged 65 and over who have been immunised against
influenza (or “flu”) during the last 12 months. The data comes in
most cases from national population-based surveys.
Sources and
*
In
Doctors' consultations
The number of contacts with an ambulatory care physician divided by the
population. Contacts in out-patient wards should be included.
The number of contacts includes:
- visits/ consultations of patients at the physician’s office;
- physician’s visits made to a person in institutional settings such as
liaison visits or discharge planning visits, made in a hospital or nursing home
with the intent of planning for the future delivery of service at home;
- telephone contacts when these are in lieu of a first home or hospital visit
for the purpose of preliminary assessment for care at home;
- visits made to the patient’s home.
Note: The number of physician contacts according to the above definition is
only a crude measure of the volume of services provided, as services are added
regardless of their complexities. Several countries record only general
practitioners, others include specialists.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical Yearbook. www.oep.hu.
*
Similar to the HFA definition, physician consultations include contacts of
family practice, outpatient care, CT and MRI. By definition we did not include
the episodes of dental care, and laboratory and pathology examinations. From
1994, the number of family practice contacts are taken from the Yearbook of
Health Statistics by the Central Statistical Office; the number of outpatient,
CTand MRI contacts are taken from the Statistical Yearbook by the Hungarian
National Health Insurance Fund.
Dentists' consultations
The number of ambulatory visits/consultations with a dentist divided by the
population.
Sources and Methods
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook Of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
Acute care beddays
A bedday is a day
during which a person is confined to a bed and in which the patient stays
overnight in a hospital. Day cases (patients admitted for a medical procedure
or surgery in the morning and released before the evening) should be excluded.
Acute care
= curative care (as per the OECD Manual "A System of Health
Accounts"): setting where the principal clinical intent
is to do one or more of the following: manage labour (obstetric), cure illness
or provide definitive treatment of injury, perform surgery, relieve symptoms of
illness or injury (excluding palliative care), reduce severity of illness or injury,
protect against exacerbation and/or complication of an illness and/or injury
which could threaten life or normal functions, perform diagnostic or
therapeutic procedures.
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK (
Acute care occupancy rate
Number of acute care beds effectively occupied (beddays) in in-patient institutions
divided by the number of available acute care beds and multiplied by 100.
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK (
Acute care turnover rate
Number of acute admissions (or discharges) divided by the number of
available acute care beds.
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK
(
Average length of stay by in-patient and acute care
Average length of stay is computed by dividing the number of days stayed (from
the date of admission in an in-patient institution) by the number of discharges
(including deaths) during the year.
For definitions of acute care, please refer to the chapter on acute care beds.
Note: Some countries may include deaths and discharges (separations) as
well as same day separations and that caution should be exercised when making
international comparisons due to the possibility that countries may provide
data for different types of institutions.
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK
(
* Data is missing in 1993, as this was a transitional year, with only the joint
average nursing time for acute and chronic care being published by the Central
Statistical Office (KSH). From 1994 onwards, data for inpatient care is
provided by GYÓGYINFOK.
Average length of stay by diagnostic categories
Average length of stay (ALOS)
is calculated by dividing the number of days stayed (from the date of admission
in an in-patient institution) by the number of discharges (including deaths).
Diagnostic chapters (using principal diagnosis) have been defined according to
the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision and 10th revision.
The list of variables included in the chapter on Average length of stay by Diagnostic categories
has been extended, following the discussion and endorsement of a new extended
shortlist of diagnostic groups at the Meeting of OECD Health Data National
Correspondents in September 2005. This new shortlist of hospital diagnostic
groups, named the International
Shortlist for Hospital Morbidity Tabulation (ISHMT),
has already been adopted by Eurostat, NOMESCO and WHO-Europe (for reporting
purposes at least, and is now being adopted by the OECD with a view to
harmonise data collection at the international level.
CLICK HERE TO SEE THE
COMPLETE SHORTLIST WITH ICD-10 AND ICD-9 CODES.
Note that some countries may include deaths and discharges as well as same day
separations. Also, note that breaks in the series might be due to countries
converting from ICD-9 to ICD-10.
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK (
From 1994 onwards, data for inpatient care is provided by GYÓGYINFOK.
National Institute for Strategic
Health Research (ESKI). www.eski.hu.
2004 onwards
ESKI processes the data in the itemised inpatient financing report and
calculates the average nursing time by diagnosis groups, thus there is a break in
the time series data from 2004.
Discharge rates by diagnostic categories
Discharge is
the formal release of an in-patient from an acute care institution after a
period of "hospitalization". It includes deaths in hospitals, but
excludes same-day separations and transfers to other care units within the same
institution. However, the following countries include at least some same-day
separations:
The discharge rates are expressed by the number per 100 000 population. These
rates are calculated by the OECD Secretariat. Diagnostic chapters (using principal
diagnosis) have been defined according to the International Classification of
Diseases, Tenth revision (ICD-10).
The list of diagnostic categories
has been extended in 2006, following the adoption of a new shortlist of
diagnostic groups named the International
Shortlist for Hospital Morbidity Tabulation (ISHMT).
This shortlist has also been adopted by Eurostat, NOMESCO and WHO-Europe (for
data reporting purposes at least).
CLICK HERE TO SEE THE
COMPLETE SHORTLIST WITH ICD-10 AND ICD-9 CODES.
Sources and Methods
GYÓGYINFOK (
From 1999 includes same day
discharges.
There is a break in some series between 2001 and 2002. In order to make an
adjustment to the OECD definition, GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information
Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs) has modified the
examined ICD ranges from 2002. Before 2002, the ICD-9 groups given by OECD were
translated to ICD-10. From 2002, those ICD-10 categories were taken as the
basis.
National Institute for Strategic
Health Research (ESKI). www.eski.hu.
2004 onwards
ESKI processes the data in the itemised inpatient financing report and
calculates the discharge rates by diagnosis groups, thus there is a break in
the time series data from 2004. In
Total surgical in-patients
Patients who are given invasive surgical treatment, whether on an emergency
or elective basis, and who stay over at least one night in an in-patient
institution.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care
Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs). www.gyogyinfok.hu.
Total surgical day cases
Patients who are given invasive surgical treatment (elective surgeries only)
which are carried out in a dedicated surgical unit or part of a hospital and
which lead to discharge on the day of the operation.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care
Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs). www.gyogyinfok.hu
Surgical procedures by ICD-9-CM
Cataract surgery (13.1-13.7)
Tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy (28.2-28.3)
Percutaneous coronary interventions (PTCA and stenting) (36.0)
Coronary stenting (36.06)
Coronary bypass (36.1)
Cardiac catheterisation (37.21-37.23)
Pacemakers (37.8)
Ligation/stripping of varicose veins (38.5)
Appendectomy (47.0)
Cholecystectomy (51.2)
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (51.23)
Inguinal and femoral hernia (53.0-53.3)
Prostatectomy (transurethral) (60.2)
Prostatectomy (excluding transurethral) (60.3-60.6)
Hysterectomy (vaginal only) (68.5)
Caesarean section (74.0-74.2, 74.4, 74.99)
Hip replacement (81.51-81.53)
Knee replacement (81.54-81.55)
Breast conserving surgery (85.2)
Mastectomy (85.4)
Surgical procedures (ICD-9-CM) - Definition
All invasive therapies performed as day cases (where applicable) and
in-patient surgery, where in-patient surgery is defined as a surgical procedure
which is performed with an overnight stay in an in-patient institution.
Selected surgical procedures are listed according to the classification
ICD-9-CM. Data collected is the number of day cases (where applicable) and
in-patient procedures. The rates per 100,000 population are calculated by the
OECD Secretariat.
Please note that there may be different classifications used by countries.
Consequently there may be comparability issues associated with mapping the
country coding system across countries to the codes proposed in OECD Health
Data 2006. Please also note that some countries report all procedures (as
requested under this definition) while others report only the main procedure
during a hospital stay. This also limits data comparability. Please refer to
the country notes below.
Sources and Methods
Note
that data for Caesarean sections per 1000 live births have
been extracted from the WHO (Europe) 'Health For All' database, for the
following countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany (except 2003),
Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands (except 2003), Norway, Poland, Spain,
Sweden, and Turkey.
Hungary
GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care
Information Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs). www.gyogyinfok.hu.
National Institute for Strategic
Health Research (ESKI). www.eski.hu.
2004 onwards
ESKI processes the data in the itemised inpatient financing report and
calculates the average nursing time by diagnosis groups, thus there is a break
in the time series data from 2004. In the number of surgeries, we include all types
of surgeries like major surgery, additional surgeries, surgery due to
complication.
Transplants and dialyses
The number of transplants conducted according to national and local
registries. Transplants are collected for:
- Bone marrow
- Heart
- Liver
- Lung
- Kidney
The rates per 100,000 population are calculated by the OECD Secretariat.
Functioning kidney
transplants
End-stage renal failure
patients
Patients undergoing
dialysis
Sources and Methods
Hungary
European
Transplant Coordinator Organization.
Heart/Heart-Lung; Liver: 1995.
>From 1999, the source is GYÓGYINFOK (Health Care Information
Center of Ministry of Health, Social and Family Affairs). www.gyogyinfok.hu.
National Institute for Strategic
Health Research (ESKI). www.eski.hu.
2004 onwards
ESKI processes the data in the itemised inpatient financing report and
calculates the average nursing time by diagnosis groups, thus there is a break
in the time series data from 2004.
Patients undergoing dialysis
The number of patients with dialysis treatments includes Hospital/Centre and
Home Haemodialysis/Haemoinfiltration, Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis,
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), and Continuous Cyclical
Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) on December 31st of each year.
Sources & Methods
Hungary
Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP), Statistical Yearbook.
* Average number of patients per month. www.oep.hu.
Mammography screening - Breast cancer screening
Mammography rates.
Numerator: Number of
women aged 50-69 reporting having received a bilateral mammography within the
past year.
Denominator: Number of women aged 50-69 answering survey questions on mammography
or eligible for organised screening program.
Sources and Methods
Summary table:
|
Programme data |
Survey data |
|
Australia |
Canada |
|
Belgium |
Czech Republic |
|
Finland |
France |
|
Hungary |
Italy |
|
Iceland |
Switzerland |
|
Ireland |
United States |
|
Japan |
|
|
Luxembourg |
|
|
Netherlands |
|
|
New Zealand |
|
|
Norway |
|
|
Portugal |
|
|
Sweden |
|
|
United Kingdom |
|
Hungary
Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP). www.oep.hu.
*
Population: National.
* Age variation: 45-65.
* Programme or survey: programme.
* Recall period/periodicity: 2 years.
* Comments: organised screenings for breast cancer started in January 2002 in
Hungary.
Cervical cancer screening
Cervical cancer screening rate.
Numerator: Number of women age 20-69 reporting cervical cancer screening
within the past 3 years or number of women age 20-69 screened for cervical
cancer through an organised program.
Denominator: Number of women age 20-69 answering survey question or
participating in an organised screening program.
Sources and Methods
Summary table:
|
Programme data |
Survey data |
|
Australia |
Canada |
|
Belgium |
Czech Republic |
|
Denmark |
France |
|
Finland |
Italy |
|
Germany |
Japan |
|
Hungary |
United States |
|
Iceland |
|
|
Ireland |
|
|
Mexico |
|
|
Netherlands |
|
|
New Zealand |
|
|
Norway |
|
|
Sweden |
|
|
United Kingdom |
|
Hungary
Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund (OEP). www.oep.hu.
* Population: National.
* Age
variation: 25-65.
*
Programme or survey: programme.
*
Recall period/periodicity: 3 years.
*
Comments: organised screening of cervical cancer started in October 2003 in
Hungary.
Government/social health insurance
Total
health care
In-patient and acute care
Out-patient medical care
Pharmaceutical goods
Share of population eligible for a defined set of health care goods and services
under public programmes.
This series refers to the share of the population eligible to health care
goods and services that are included in total public health expenditure.
Coverage in this sense is independent of the scope of cost-sharing.
Notes:
- The
OECD publication "Towards High-Performing Health Systems" (OECD,
2004) provides a summary on cost-sharing policies in public schemes for basic
health coverage across OECD countries (Table 1.3, p.28).
- A table related to the coverage of different types of private health
insurance is available in the "Get
more data" section of OECD Health Data 2006.
Most
social security arrangements link entitlement to labour force participation and
therefore, employment surveys are an important source of data. In these cases,
the construction of a coverage index requires a calculation of each group of
the labour force (private sector blue and white collars, public sector
employees, the self-employed, farmhands, farmers, clergymen), plus the
non-active population entitled to medical benefits.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Ministry of Welfare (EüM). www.eum.hu.
* From 1990, the total mid-year population is provided. Since 1990, the funding
system in Hungary is based on Social Insurance system resulting in almost
universal coverage. Entitlements are linked primarily to the labour force, but
also non-actives are entitled on different ways (by parents, by government
etc.). Entitlement of only those living exclusively on capital benefits depend
on their own will. Before 1990 entitlement was linked to citizenship.
Private health insurance
Private health insurance
comprises insurance schemes financed through private health premiums, i.e.,
payments that a policyholder agrees to make for coverage under a given
insurance policy, where an insurance policy generally consists of a contract
that is issued by an insurer to a covered person. Take up of private health
insurance is often, but not always, voluntary (it may also be compulsory for
employees as part of their working conditions). Premiums are
non-income-related, although the purchase of PHI by a specific population group
or by the population at large can be subsidised by the government. The pool of
financing is not channelled nor administered through the government, even when
the insurer is government-owned.
Private
health insurance includes:
- Employer self-insured health benefits, whereby an employer self-insures
health coverage instead of purchasing cover from an insurance company. The
employer acts as an insurer in that it assumes insurance risk and is thereby
often subject to the same regulatory requirements as other health insurers.
- Special schemes for government employees, where the government, in its role
as employers, pays part or the whole premiums of private health insurance cover
subscribed for its employees.
For the purpose of this data collection, private health insurance excludes
the following schemes:
- Travel insurance covering the risk of illness or accidents incurred abroad;
- Employers or corporation health programmes for their employees that do not
imply insurance (for example, direct supply of health services or reimbursement
of certain health-related costs);
- Medical savings accounts, health savings accounts or similar schemes which
offer pre-payment but do not imply risk sharing or pooling across individuals;
- Life and long-term care insurance schemes which include a health element,
such as disease specific, lump sum, critical illness, income replacement, cash
products, temporary or permanent disability, and long-term care insurance.
Data reporting:
Total PHI coverage:
Total PHI coverage is a head count of all individuals covered by at least one
PHI policy (including both individuals covered in their own name and
dependents). To avoid duplications, it should not refer to the number of PHI
policies sold in the country, as individuals may be covered by more than one
PHI product. Similarly, total population coverage is not necessarily the sum of
PHI coverage by different types.
Breakdown by type of PHI: Where possible, data has been broken down by
private health insurance type. Where data could not be broken down by type or
main role, they were reported only in the category “total”, or
under the category that best represents the characteristics of PHI coverage.
Primary PHI:
private health insurance that represents the only available access to health
coverage because i) there is no government/social coverage or individuals are
not eligible to coverage under government/social programmes (principal); ii)
individuals are entitled to government/social coverage but have chosen to opt
out of such coverage (substitute).
Duplicate PHI:
private health insurance that offers coverage for health services already
included under government health insurance, while also offering access to
different providers (e.g., private hospitals) or levels of service (e.g.,
faster access to care). It does not exempt individuals from contributing to government
health coverage programmes.
Complementary PHI:
private health insurance that complements coverage of government/social insured
services by covering all or part of the residual costs not otherwise reimbursed
(e.g., cost-sharing, co-payments).
Supplementary PHI:
private health insurance that provides coverage for additional health services
not at all covered by the government/social scheme.
Note: A table related
to the coverage of different types of private health insurance is available in
the "Get
more data" section of OECD Health Data 2006.
The Sources and Methods should also indicate
what coverage categories or types exist in the country, and data refer to, using
the following table. As already mentioned, where possible, data should refer to
covered lives. Please make sure to fill
in the table below, which is part of the Sources and Methods file sent out to
every country.
|
Country |
Number of covered lives or number of policyholders |
Voluntary or mandatory insurance |
Individuals or group policies (% of market if both policy types exist) |
Life insurance products including health elements |
Long-term care insurance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
If two different types of coverage exist, please indicate so (e.g., mandatory
and voluntary coverage). If information is not available, please indicate NA.
Number of covered lives or number of policyholders. Please
indicate whether data supplied refer to covered lives or number of
policyholders. Data should, where possible, indicate the number of individuals
covered by a private health insurance policy. This includes both individuals
covered in their own name, and dependents of the policyholder (or other
persons) covered via the policyholder insurance. The number of policyholders
refers, conversely, to the number of individuals having purchased (or obtained,
for example through an employer) a PHI policy.
Voluntary
or mandatory insurance. Please indicate if in your country PHI is mandatory
or voluntary. Often, take up of insurance is voluntary, even though
participation can be encouraged, for example through tax breaks or other fiscal
advantages, or when it is taken up by employees as a condition of employment.
Take-up of private health insurance can also be mandated by law or act.
Employer sponsored insurance taken by employers for their employees is
voluntary even if individual employees are covered as a condition of their
contract.
Individual policies or group policies. Please indicate if in your country
PHI is offered as individual or group policies (or both). Insurance
policies can be purchased by individuals or by employers on behalf of their
employees. Group policies can be paid by the employer, deducted from wages, or
a combination. If data are available, please indicate the % of the market of
both policy types.
Life insurance products including health elements. Please tick
the box here if insurance companies offer life products which include a health
element. If information is available, please specify what products exist (e.g.,
disease specific, lump sum, critical illness, income replacement, cash
products, temporary or permanent disability insurance).
Long-term
care insurance. Please tick the box here if insurance companies
offer private long-term care insurance.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
* In Hungary the number of private health insurances is negligible. They exist
mostly as supplementary insurance provided with life or accident insurance
policies (e.g. eligibility for higher level of hotel service or per-diem-like
wage supplement during hospital treatment). There is a small number of
voluntary insurance forms, but these are of the nature of savings accouts and
are not risk-based insurances.
Pharmaceutical consumption by DDDs
Pharmaceutical consumption according to the Anatomic
Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) system,
created by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.
The Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification system divides drugs into
different groups according to the organ system on which they act and/or
therapeutical, pharmacological and chemical characteristics. The main
principles for the classification of medicinal substances according to the ATC
is presented in the publication “Guidelines for ATC classification and
DDD assignment”, WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics
Methodology, Oslo. The publication “ATC Index with DDDs” lists all
assigned ATC codes and DDD values. Both these publications are updated
annually. The ATC codes below are based on the 2006
version of the ATC Index. The most recent index can be
browsed at www.whocc.no/atcddd/.
The unit of measurement is Defined Daily Dose (DDD), defined as the
assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used on its main indication
in adults.
|
Main groups / groups based on three levels |
Codes (2006 Index) |
|
A-Alimentary
tract and metabolism |
A |
Note:
Data on Antibacterials for systemic use (J01)
for
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
Pharmaceutical sales
Sales of pharmaceutical products on the domestic market, in total and by
selected Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)
groups, based on retail prices (which means the final price paid by the
customer).
The ATC codes are based on the 2006 version of the
ATC Index.
Note: There are at least three possible sources of under-reporting of drug
sales in different countries: 1) sales data may only cover those drugs that are
reimbursed by public insurance schemes; 2) they may be based on ex-factory or
wholesale prices rather than retail prices; and 3) sales data may exclude drug
consumption in hospitals.
Data
for the following countries under-estimate pharmaceutical sales reported in
this section because of one of these limitations:
Please also note that depending on the allocation of
pharmaceutical products with more than one use, differences in reporting of
specific drugs may occur across countries, thereby affecting the relative size
of specific ATC groups.
|
Main groups / groups based on three levels |
Codes (2006 Index) |
|
Total
pharmaceutical sales |
- |
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Central Statistical Office (KSH), Yearbook of Health Statistics. www.ksh.hu.
Alcohol consumption in liters per capita (age 15+)
Annual consumption of pure alcohol in liters, per person, aged 15 years and
over.
Note: Methodology to convert alcoholic drinks to pure alcohol may differ across
countries. Typically beer is weighted as 4-5%, wine as 11-16% and spirits as
40% of pure alcohol equivalent.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook Of Hungary. www.ksh.hu.
* From 1990: annual consumption of pure alcohol in liters, per person, aged 15
years and over.
Tobacco consumption in grams per capita (15+)
Annual consumption of tobacco items (e.g. cigarettes, cigars) in grams per
person aged 15 years or more.
Note: The methodology to convert tobacco items into grams may differ across
countries. Typically a cigarette weighs approximately 1 gram of which the
tobacco content can vary between 65-100% depending on the type of cigarette; a
cigar weighs approximately 2 grams and contains a similar proportion of tobacco
as a cigarette.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Central
Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary. www.ksh.hu.
* From
1990, the annual consumption of pure tobacco in grams, per person, aged 15
years and over.
Average number of cigarettes per smoker per day (15+)
The average number of cigarettes per smoker per day.
Sources and Methods
Hungary
Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary. www.ksh.hu.
* From 1990, the annual consumption of pure tobacco in grams, per person, aged
15 years and over.
Daily smokers
Daily smokers is defined as the percentage of the population
aged 15 or more years who report that they are daily smokers.
Note: International comparability is limited due to the lack of standardization
in the measurement of smoking habits in health interview surveys across OECD
countries. There is variation in the wording of the question, the response
categories and the related administrative methods.
A standard health interview survey instrument to
measure smoking habits in a population has been recommended by the World Health Organization Regional Office for
The instrument comprises the following questions:
1. Do you smoke?
-Yes, daily
-Yes, occasionally (go to question 3)
-No (go to question 4)
2. How many cigarettes do you usually smoke on average each day?
- Does not smoke cigarettes
- Fewer than 20
- 20 or more (heavy smokers)
Sources and
* Data
for 2003 is percentage of tobacco users (regular and daily smokers) 18 years
old and over, National Health Interview Survey 2003.
* Data for 2000 is percentage of tobacco users (regular and daily smokers) 18
years old and over, National Health Interview Survey 2000.
* Data for 1994 comes from Health Behaviour Survey 1994.
Overweight or obese population
The Body Mass Index (BMI)
is a single number that evaluates an individual's weight status in relation to
height (weight/height2) with weight in kilograms and height in
meters.
Estimates relate to the adult population (normally the population aged 15+
unless otherwise stated) and are based on national health interview surveys for
most countries (self-reported data), except for Australia, the United
Kingdom and the United States where estimates are based on the actual
measurement of weight and height. This difference in survey methodologies
limits data comparability, as estimates arising from the actual measurement of
weight and height are significantly higher than those based on self-report.
Overweight is
defined as a BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2.
Obesity is
defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more.
Overweight or obese population
is the sum of the population with a BMI over 25 kg/m2.
Sources and
* Questionnaire survey based on representative samples, started in 2000, repeated
in about every 3 years. The survey is conducted for the population aged 18
years old and over (instead of 15 years old and over).